25 Examples of Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and Indirect Speech

The direct speech is the one that introduces a verbatim quote, using quotation marks ("I have wine for dinner," Andrea announced.). The indirect speech is the one who interprets and explains what another said, reformulating it (Andrea announced that she would bring wine for dinner. his mother warned that he would be late).

The direct and indirect speeches are ways of allude to or introduce other speeches in one's own.

How is direct speech constructed?

Direct speech is used in literature to introduce dialogues Of the characters. Are used quotation marks or dialogue scripts to make the difference between what a dialogue is and the voice of the narrator.

In rehearsals or academic texts, direct speech is used to introduce verbatim quotes, which are incorporated into the text in quotation marks and then cited in the references.

In both cases, the verbs of saying are used. Some are: say, shout, clarify, express, support, add, add, enunciate, explain, develop, compare, ask, consult, doubt, defend, warn, announce.

How is indirect discourse constructed?

1. Links are used

1. Temporality is adapted

In general, indirect speech is used to tell what someone said in the past. Therefore, they must adapt:

(!)There are cases in which indirect speech is being used at the same time that the speaker utters the sentence. In that case, the timing will not be adapted. For example: “Now I'm bored, ”says Martín. Martin says that now is bored.

1. Spatiality is adapted

Except in cases where the sender remains in the same place to which the sender of the speech referred, the spatial deictics must also adapt:

Direct and indirect speech sentences

• Direct speech. Juan: "Tell me where the party is."
• Indirect speech. Juan asked me to tell him where the party was.

• Direct speech. Juliana: "I go to English classes three days a week."
• Indirect speech. Juliana clarified that she went to English classes three days a week.

• Direct speech. "Tomorrow I will go to the movies with my grandmother," said Mariana.
• Indirect speech. Mariana commented that the next day she would go to the movies with her grandmother.

• Direct speech. "Have the children stayed in the park?" Asked the mother.
• Indirect speech. The mother wondered if the children had stayed in the park.

• Direct speech. "I loved 100 years of Solitude”Said the student.
• Indirect speech. The student said that she had loved it 100 years of Solitude.

• Direct speech. The eldest son said, "I have prepared some vegetarian sandwiches for tomorrow."
• Indirect speech. The eldest son said that he had prepared some sandwiches for the next day.

• Direct speech. "I hope the dentist can see me at this time," said the young woman.
• Indirect speech. The young woman said that she hoped the dentist could see her at that time.

• Direct speech. "Hopefully the teacher has corrected the exams," said Román.
• Indirect speech. Román commented that I wish the teacher had corrected the exams.

• Direct speech. "Yesterday I went to dinner with my grandparents," Martina said.
• Indirect speech. Martina said that the day before she had gone to dinner with her grandparents.

• Direct speech. "Today I have many commitments," the boss clarified.
• Indirect speech. The boss clarified to them that that day he had many commitments.

• Direct speech. The teacher recalled: "Tomorrow we will see the documentary of the Second World War."
• Indirect speech. The teacher recalled that the next day they would see the documentary on World War II.

• Direct speech. "This is my cousin Juanito," Antonio said.
• Indirect speech. Antonio said that was his cousin Juanito.

• Direct speech. "Here we married your mother," her father told him.
• Indirect speech. Her father told him that there he had married her mother.

• Direct speech. "Who spoke to me?" Asked the teacher.
• Indirect speech. The teacher asked who had spoken to her.

• Direct speech. "What went through your head?", The young woman asked her father.
• Indirect speech. The young woman asked her father what had gone through her head.

• Direct speech. "Where is your house?" The policeman asked the girl.
• Indirect speech. The policeman asked the girl where her house was.

• Direct speech. "Did you call me this morning?" Asked the intrigued young man.
• Indirect speech. The intrigued young man asked her if she had called him that morning.

• Direct speech. "How do you feel?" Asked the doctor.
• Indirect speech. The doctor asked him how he was feeling.

• Direct speech. "What day does the trial begin?" Asked the prosecutor.
• Indirect speech. The prosecutor asked what day the trial began.

• Direct speech. "I have been studying Italian since I was a child," explained the girl.
• Indirect speech. The girl explained that she had studied Italian since she was a child.

• Direct speech. "I did not like this movie," said the young man.
• Indirect speech. The young man said that he had not liked that movie.

• Direct speech. "I've already studied enough," Esteban told his father.
• Indirect speech. Esteban told his father that the day before he had already studied enough.

• Direct speech. "I hope the girls want to come over for tea this afternoon," said the girl.
• Indirect speech. The girl said that she wished the girls would like to go for tea that afternoon.

• Direct speech. "I hope the doctor has the results of the study," said the patient.
• Indirect speech. The patient said that he hoped the doctor would have the results of the study.

• Direct speech. "Yesterday I went to the hairdresser," said the lady.
• Indirect speech. The lady said that the day before she had gone to the hairdresser.

How are verb tenses adapted?

When referring to a speech delivered in the past, the subordinate verb undergoes the following modifications:

1. Imperative → past imperfect subjunctive. For example: "Give to me something to drink, ”she said. He said that give Something to drink.
2. Present indicative → past imperfect indicative. For example: “Practical soccer twice a week, ”she said. She told that practiced soccer twice a week.
3. Future imperfect indicative → simple conditional. For example: "Today i will dine fish ”, she commented to us. She told us that that day would dine.
4. Future perfect indicative → compound conditional. For example: "I know he will have fallen asleepHe considered. She considered that would have fallen asleep.
5. Past indefinite → past perfect indicative. For example: "I taste the chocolate cake, ”she assured. She assured that had liked The chocolate cake.
6. Past perfect indicative → past perfect indicative. For example: "I have traveled to the south for business, ”she told us. She told us that had traveled south on business.
7. Present subjunctive → imperfect subjunctive. For example: "I wish the children want to go to the park, ”she said. He said I wish the children they would like to go to the park.
8. Past perfect subjunctive → past perfect subjunctive. For example: "I hope my parents will have fun at the party, ”she told me. He told me that he expected his parents to be they would have fun at the party.

The verbs that are not modified when they are passed to indirect speech are:

• Past imperfect indicative. For example: “Sang better when she was young, ”she told me. She told me that sang better when she was young.
• Imperfect subjunctive. For example: "I would like that will help more, ”she confessed. She confessed that she would like will help more.
• Past perfect indicative. For example: “She had been my teacher, ”Carmen said. Carmen said that had been her teacher.
• Past perfect subjunctive. For example: "It you would have thought before, "concluded her father. Her father concluded that I would have thought before.
• Simple conditional. For example: “Would live on the mountain if she could, ”she confessed. She confessed that would live on the mountain if I could.
• Perfect conditiontal. For example: "I would have understood better if you explained it to me," she complained. She complained that she would have understood better if she explained it to him.