15 Examples of Liquefaction

The liquefaction or liquefaction is the process of transformation of the matter of a gaseous state directly to a liquid state, by increasing the pressure of the gas (isothermal compression) and decreasing its temperature (adiabatic expansion). These conditions, in fact, distinguish liquefaction from condensation (transformation of a gas to liquid by lowering the temperature of the gas).

Is technique was discovered by the British scientist Michel Faraday in 1823, during his experiments with ammonia, and today it constitutes one of the most usual and indispensable procedures for the handling of gases for industrial and commercial consumption. For example: liquid oxygen, refrigerators, aerosols.

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Examples of liquefaction

1. Liquefied chlorine. It is a very toxic compound, it is made from the compression of chlorine gases and is diluted in wastewater and swimming pools. It should not be confused with solutions chlorine gas.
2. Liquid nitrogen. It is a liquefied gas that is used as a refrigerant and cryogenizer. Because it retains large amounts of heat, it is often used in dermatological removal or surgical burn therapy, and for freezing semen and eggs.
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3. Liquid oxygen. It is transported in a liquid state to hospitals, where it recovers its pressure and returns to a gaseous state. It serves to oxygenate the respiratory tract.
4. Helium liquefaction. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1913 was the first to achieve helium liquefaction. This allowed the generation of liquid helium (-268.93 ° C), the thermomechanical effect and other discoveries that provided valuable information on the Noble gases.
5. Liquefied propane and butane. They are gases of common commercial and industrial use. Due to their flammability and cheap cost, they are transported in tanks and carafes much more comfortably in liquid form, since they take up less space (approximately 600 times less volume) and are more manageable.
6. Ordinary lighters. The liquid content of common plastic lighters is made up of liquefied gases that when operating the button and igniting the spark, return to their gaseous form and feed the flame. That's why heating a lighter is a bad idea: the liquid recovers its gaseous form and presses outward, causing the plastic container to explode.
7. Refrigerators. Refrigerators and freezers generate cold from a liquefied gas circuit inside the condenser, which extracts heat and keeps temperatures low.
8. Liquefied petroleum gas. Dissolved in oil or natural gas, it is hydrocarbons very easy to liquefy, obtained by distillation catalytic fractional (cracking) and employees like gaseous fuel.
9. Aerosols and sprays. The content of many aerosols is suspended in a high pressure gas, whose form in the container is liquid but which, once the device is activated, returns to ambient pressure and recovers its gaseous condition, spraying the targeted surface with paint or the desired substance and releasing the rest of the gases to the environment.
10. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) liquid. As a preliminary step to obtaining dry ice, or part of other industrial processes that require it, CO₂ abundant in the atmosphere can be liquefied when subjected to extreme pressure.
11. Liquefaction of ammonia. As part of your employment in obtaining numerous cleaners or solvents, ammonia (NH₃) can be blended. This is often used in weather balloons to add ballast, which can then easily be returned to a gaseous state and lift the ship.
12. Air liquefaction. It is the method of obtaining pure elements for use industrial: air is taken from the atmosphere and liquefied at high pressure, to then separate its constituent elements and be able to store them separately, such as nitrogen, oxygen and argon.
13. Liquefied noble gases. They are widely used in the medical field of infrared spectroscopy. They are used as solvents since they are transparent to this type of radiation and do not obscure the spectrum of the particles or substances dissolved in them.
14. Superconductors. In large scientific or computerized facilities whose equipment generates a lot of heat, liquefied gases are used at very low temperatures (such as hydrogen and helium) to avoid overheating of delicate machinery specialized.
15. Liquefied argon. It is used scientifically in the study of dark matter, through huge detectors that contain certain quantities of argon in gas and liquid, to emit light each time a particle of dark matter collides with an atom of this element.

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