Causes and Consequences of the Independence of Mexico

As with almost all the Latin American republics, the Mexico's independence It constituted a long historical, political and social process that put an end through arms to Spanish rule over this nation of the American continent.

This process began with the French invasion of the Kingdom of Spain in 1808, in which King Fernando VII was deposed. This weakened the presence of the Spanish Crown in the colonies and it was taken advantage of by the elites American enlightened women to proclaim their disobedience to the imposed king, thus taking the first steps towards independence.

In the Mexican case, the first openly pro-independence gesture was the so-called "Pain scream", of September 16, 1810, occurred in the parish of Dolores in the state of Guanajuato, when the priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, along with Messrs. Juan Allende and Juan Aldama, rang the church bells and addressed the congregation to call for ignorance and disobedience of the viceregal authority of the New Spain.

This gesture was preceded by a

military uprising in 1808 against Viceroy José de Iturrigaray, who proclaimed authority in the absence of the legitimate king; But although the coup d'etat was stifled and the leaders imprisoned, the clamor for independence was spread through various cities of the Viceroyalty, radicalizing their claims as they were suffocated and chased. Thus, demanding the return of Fernando VII, the rebels went to deeper social demands, such as the abolition of slavery.

In 1810, the rebel José María Morelos y Pavón summoned the pro-independence provinces to Anahuac Congress, where to provide the independence movement with its own legal framework. This armed movement was however reduced to guerrilla warfare around 1820 and almost to dispersion, until the proclamation of the Constitution of Cádiz that same year upsets the position of the local elites, who until then had supported to the Viceroy.

From then on, the clergy and aristocracy of New Spain will openly support the independence cause and, led by Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero, who unified the rebel fighting efforts under the same banner in the Plan of Iguala from 1821. That same year, Mexican independence would be consummated, with the entry of the Trigarante Army to Mexico City on September 27.

Causes of the independence of Mexico

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