20 Examples of Syllogisms (and their rules)

Is named syllogism to a form of deductive logical reasoning, whose fixed structure consists of two propositions different acting as premises and a third as conclusion of reasoning. The first two are known as major premise or universal Y minor premise or particular respectively.

The syllogism always takes place in the same three steps: It starts from a first premise or major premise, which supposes a general or universal statement, of a broad nature (1), after a second or lesser of particular nature, specific regarding a specific reality that we wish to contrast with the first premise (2) and thus finally obtain a conclusion (3).

Rules

For this reasoning to occur correctly, without incurring fallacies, the following rules must be taken into consideration:

If these rules are not observed, it is possible to incur fallacies or reasoning errors, that would suppose true a false conclusion or obtained by means of an erroneous deduction (even if it were true).

The most common of these errors can be:

Examples of syllogisms

1. a) All men are free
   b) Nicolás is a man
   c) Nicolás is free
2. to some birds they are flying
   b) I like flying animals
   c) I like some birds
3. a) No man can fly
   b) Canaries fly
   c) Canaries are not men
4. a) The planets are all round
   b) Jupiter is a planet
   c) Jupiter is round
5. a) Sports cars are expensive
   b) The new Ferrari is a sports car
   c) The new Ferrari is expensive
6. a) No fish is mammal
   b) Whales are mammals
   c) Whales are not fish
7. a) Some scorpions are poisonous
   b) Poisons can kill us
   c) Some scorpions can kill us
8. a) All violence is deplorable
   b) Some protests are violent
   c) Some protests are deplorable
9. a) Whenever I eat fruits I get dizzy
   b) Whenever I feel dizzy, I vomit
   c) Whenever I eat fruit, I vomit
10. a) No person breathes into a liquid
    b) Water is a liquid
    c) No person breathes in the water
11. a) Some soldiers are psychopaths
    b) Some Swedes are military
    c) Some Swedes are psychopaths
12. a) Colored butterflies are eye-catching
    b) Showy animals die first
    c) Colored butterflies die first
13. to some asteroids they are made of iron
    b) Iron is a magnetic mineral
    c) Some asteroids are magnetic
14. a) Every day it rains
    b) When it rains, I take out the umbrella
    c) Every day I take out my umbrella
15. a) My grandfather looks like Clint Eastwood
    b) Clint Eastwood has a horse face
    c) My grandfather has a horse face
16. a) All flowers have perfume
    b) All roses are flowers
    c) All roses have perfume
17. a) No female is male
    b) All males are born with a penis
    c) No female is born with a penis
18. a) No politician is poor
    b) The poor generally earn little money
    c) Generally no politician earns little money
19. a) No thief is honest
    b) Some people are honest
    c) Some people are not thieves
20. a) Every winter is cold
    b) When it's cold I get sick
    c) Every winter I get sick

Examples of fallacies

1. a) No man breathes underwater
   b) Divers breathe underwater
   c) No diver is a man
2. a) All dogs eat
   b) All men eat
   c) All men are dogs
3. a) Aristotle was a philosopher
   b) Aristotle was Greek
   c) Every philosopher is Greek
4. a) All men breathe
   b) No woman is a man
   c) No woman breathes
5. a) Cows are mammals
   b) Bats are mammals
   c) Cows are bats
6. a) No pig can fly
   b) The dining room table cannot fly
   c) The dining room table is a pig
7. a) Every Monday I'm late for work
   b) If I'm late for work I get fired
   c) I no longer go to work on Mondays
8. a) Some immigrants are criminals
   b) We have a lot of crime in the city
   c) Crime is due to immigrants
9. to some reptiles they have legs
   b) All dogs have legs
   c) Some reptiles are dogs
10. a) My grandmother passed away the day before
    b) Broccoli went up in price
    c) The broccoli rises because my grandmother dies

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