Types of Propositions (with examples)

Types of Propositions

The proposition is a statement with full meaning, by means of which something is affirmed or denied, which can be interpreted in terms of truth or falsehood. It is the most elementary form of logic.

There are two fundamental types of propositions:

Other types of propositions

Aristotle proposed other classifications for propositions, which today are part of the basic studies of logic:

• Universal propositions: They include those sentences that refer to the state, characteristic or aspect of an entire group. For instance: Cats have four legs.
• Particular propositions: They understand the sentences that refer to an element of the group. For instance: Some cats are black.

Furthermore, whether they are universal or particular, all propositions can be:

• Affirmative propositions: They confirm the assertion of the predicate, that is, they affirmatively support a state of affairs. For instance: The cat is a feline. (Universal affirmative proposition) / Some cats are surly.(Particular affirmative proposition).
instagram story viewer
• Negative propositions: They deny the veracity of a statement, that is, they express the absence of the state of affairs indicated in the predicate. For instance: Cats do not live under the sea. (Negative general proposition) / Some cats do not eat fish. (Negative particular proposition).

Difference between proposition and sentence

When speaking of proposition, the focus is on the semantic logical aspect. It is the term used in logic, with the characteristics mentioned above.

Instead, from a grammatical point of view, the sentence is a meaningful syntactic sequence, used to express a thought or opinion.

In other words, although in certain contexts the terms may be synonymous, they belong to different areas of study in which they acquire distinguishable features.

Examples of simple propositions

1. I am hungry.
2. In winter it's cold.
3. The sun rises in the morning.
4. Some countries have access to the sea.
5. I have a lot of money.
6. World War II started in 1939.
7. Plants absorb carbon dioxide.
8. Some animals are carnivores.
9. Cows produce milk.
10. I'm on vacation.
11. Some human beings are men.
12. Basketball is a sport.
13. Marisa's birthday is on February 15.
14. Italy is a European country.
15. It's snowing.
16. Dinosaurs disappeared from planet Earth.
17. Cows fly.
18. My belly hurts.
19. The jacket is made of wool.
20. Music is an art.
21. Some books are boring.
22. Humans have two legs.
23. The sky is blue.
24. All birds fly.
25. Socrates is Argentine.

Examples of compound propositions

1. If it rains, the patio gets wet.
2. Mateo cooks lunch and his brother sets the table.
3. There are no unicorns.
4. Two and eight are even numbers.
5. The perimeter of a triangle is equal to the sum of its three sides.
6. Everytime it rained it stopped.
7. Pedro eats vanilla or chocolate cake.
8. Women don't love men.
9. If you put water in the fridge, it freezes.
10. You will pass the exam, if you study seriously.
11. Hunger, wars and disease are the evils of this world.
12. Orange juice is not good.
13. You study for the test or you take a nap.
14. If you drink detergent, you will harm your health.
15. Water boils if it exceeds one hundred degrees Celsius.
16. The room is not cluttered.
17. The house is big and the garden is small.
18. Luis is silly or done.
19. I'm not bored.
20. Some birds do not fly.
21. China is not a European country.
22. These noodles are not made of flour.
23. If you don't go to bed early, you will be sleepy tomorrow.
24. They serve meat or pasta for lunch on planes.
25. It is a science fiction and horror book.

Follow with: