Examples of Difference between Reference, Citation and Bibliography

The reference It is the part of a text in which texts or other types of documents that have been cited in a text are named. The appointment It is a fragment of another text that is added in a writing to demonstrate, justify or support an argument or an idea. The bibliography It is the part of a text in which texts or other types of documents are named that were not cited, but that the author consulted to carry out his work.

References, citations, and bibliography are included in academic texts or books to indicate that there are concepts and theories that belong to other authors.

Reference

References are found after the author's text and before the bibliography and are used to indicate the materials that have been cited in the text. The materials can be books, articles, websites, photos, videos, among others.

It is necessary to include the references so that the reader can consult the indicated sources and to indicate that a concept belongs to another author.

According to the APA standards, the references are indicated with the following structure:

For instance:

References

Kohan, M. (2021). The permanent avant-garde. Paidos.

Piglia, R. (2016). The three vanguards. Saer, Puig, Walsh. Eterna Cadencia Editora.

Puig, M. (2010). The betrayal of Rita Hayworth. Booket.

Viñas, D. (1998). From Sarmiento to God. Argentinian travelers to USA. Editorial

South American.

Appointment

Quotations are included in a text to mention what someone else wrote or said, to mention an antecedent, to justify an idea, give an example, or to analyze or comment on the quote.

Whenever the words of another author are used, it is necessary to include them in a text in the form of a quotation to indicate that they belong to another person and not to the author of the text.

The quotes can be verbatim or indirect. In the verbatim quotes the text is reproduced as it appears in the original. If they have less than forty words, they are included after the letter and are enclosed in quotation marks. At the end of the citation, information about the source must be placed in the following format: (author's last name, year, p. and page number). For instance:

At the beginning of the seminar it is specified "In the discussion of current Argentine literature, which is going to be the center of this seminar, we are going to pose a series of problems." (Piglia, 2016, p. 13)

If the quote has more than forty words, it is written separately, without quotation marks and with indentation. For instance:

At the beginning of the seminar it is specified:

In the discussion of current Argentine literature, which is going to be the center of this seminar, we are going to pose a series of problems. The first refers to the type of debate that exists today in Argentine literature; we are going to consider how it is posed, in terms of the poetic narratives. (Piglia, 2016, p. 13)

In indirect citations, the idea of ​​the original is paraphrased and they are not in quotation marks. After the citation, the source information is always indicated in the following format: (author's last name, year). For instance:

At the beginning of the seminar the author states that the central theme will be the current state of Argentine literature and it will be approached from different problems. The first one that is taken into account is that of the poetic narratives. (Piglia, 2016)

Bibliography

The bibliography is found after the references and it includes materials that can be books, articles, films, photos, interviews, among others.

These sources, unlike those that appear in the references, have not been cited in the text, but they have been used by the author to obtain information on a topic.

In addition, in the bibliography you can make a brief summary of each named source or make recommendations for other texts that are related to the topic covered in the text.

According to APA rules, the bibliography has the same structure as the references:

For instance:

Bibliography

Borges, J. L. (1965). The literary "new generations". On Leopoldo Lugones,

(pp. 47-50). High tide.

Foucault, M. (2008). The abnormal. Fund of Economic Culture.

Foucault, M. (2009). Watch out and punish. Twenty-first Century Publishers.

Giunta, A. (2018). Feminism and Latin American art. Twenty-first Century Publishers.

Sarlo, B. and Altamirano, C. (1997). Argentine essays. From Sarmiento to the

Vanguard. Ariel.

Reference examples

1. References

Agamben, G. (2007). Childhood and history. Adriana Hidalgo Editor.

Bakhtin, M. (1975). Theory and aesthetics of the novel. Taurus.

Barthes, R. (2005) The preparation of the novel. XXI century.

Bürger, P. (1987). Avant-garde theory. Peninsula.

Foucault, M. (1980). The order of speech. Tusquets.

Groys, B. (2014). "Introduction: poetics vs. esthetic". On Become public. The

transformations of art in the contemporary agora, (pp. 6-19). Box

Black

Hamon, P. (1981). Introduction to the analysis of the descriptive. Edicial.

Jakobson, R. and Tinianov, I. (1992). Anthology of Russian Formalism and the group

of Bakhtin. Controversy, history and literary theory. Fundamentals.

Rancière, J. (2011). Literature politics. The Thrush.

Sartre, J.P. (1981). Situations II. Losada.

Citation examples

1. Quote with less than forty words

The author points out that "Humanist thought (...) has known three strong times, which are the Renaissance, the Enlightenment century and the one after the revolution." (Todorov, 1998, p. 21)

1. Quote with more than forty words

The author notes that

Humanist thought (…) has known three strong times, which are the Renaissance, the Enlightenment century and the one after the Revolution. They are embodied by three authors: Montaigne, who produces a first coherent version of the doctrine; Rousseau, with whom he reaches his most complete development; and Benjamin Constant, who will know how to think about the new world that emerged from the revolutionary upheaval. (Todorov, 1998, p. 21)

1. Indirect quote

The author points out that humanist thought had three moments that stand out: the Renaissance (embodied by Montaigne), the Age of Enlightenment (played by Rousseau) and the moment after the Revolution (played by Benjamin Constant).

Bibliography examples

1. Bibliography

Guthrie, W. (1984). History of greek philosophy. Gredos.

Kahn, C. (2010). Plato and the Socratic Dialogue - The Philosophical Use of a Form

literary. Escolar y Mayo Editores.

Kirk, G., Raven, J. and Schofield, M. (1990). The pre-Socratic philosophers. Gredos.

Mársico, C. and Divenosa, M. (2012). "The sun, the line and the cave"; extract from

"Introduction". Plato, Allegories of the sun, the line and the cave. Losada.

Plato. (1983). The banquet. Orbis editions.

Plato. (1983). Phaedo. Orbis editions.

Plato. (1983). Phaedrus. Orbis editions.

Plato. (2010). Ion. Eudeba.

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