10 Examples of Types of Human Rights

Examples / by admin / May 07, 2023

The human rights are those dispositions or faculties that each person possesses by the simple fact of being alive, that value her and make her worthy of a dignified existence in society and with a well-being insured. For example: the right to work.

They are also known as the rules, tools or provisions that seek to promote and guarantee the I respect and the dignity of all human beings on the planet and that, in the modern world, are mainly focused on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This document was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1948. There, a series of inalienable, inalienable, non-transferable and irrevocable rights is recognized for all humans, whose purpose is the recognition of the equality and the need to build fairer societies.

With the appearance in the world of factors such as technology, scientific progress or the growth of large cities, human rights have been diversified, serving new population groups, such as children or adolescents, or contemporary challenges, such as virtuality and advances in bioethics.

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See also: types of ethics

Types of classification

When grouping human rights into different classifications, various conventions, covenants and other legal tools must be taken into account. public international agreement that has been signed between nations to incorporate new concerns, behaviors or marginalized social groups lacking rights specific, namely:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, of December 18, 1979.
Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, of December 10, 1984.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, of November 20, 1989.
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and their Families, of December 18, 1990.
International Convention for the Protection of all Persons against Enforced Disappearances, of December 20, 2006.
International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, of December 13, 2006.

Types of human rights

According to the UN

The first categorization that can be found of these rights are the types recognized by the United Nations Organization:

Civil and Political Rights. They are those that focus on the protection of individual liberties and fair and equal participation of all human beings in community life, prohibiting discrimination of anyway. For example: the right to freely choose a cult, to freedom of thought or to equality before the law.
Economic, social and cultural rights. They are those that were included in the 1948 declaration and whose dimension, as their name implies, indicates, alludes to the economic, social and cultural aspects of the people in the place where reside. For example: the right to work, health and decent housing.

According to your generation

Another of the classifications refers to the chronological order in which the rights have been declared, also known as the generations of human rights. These focus on differentiating three groups of human rights whose definition is attributed to the Czech international official Karel Vašák, in 1979. These generations of rights are associated with the three fundamental principles promoted during the French Revolutionwhich are liberty, equality and fraternity.

Many thinkers also promote a proximity to what would be the rights of the fourth generation, which involve aspects of the digital realm and cyberspace, however, a consensus has not yet been reached on these.

first generation rights. They are those related to individual freedom and the limitation of the power of the State over people, aspiring that each one can have a participation egalitarian and real in political life, in the decisions that affect their environment and their community, and in personal relationships with others, in the context in which they unwrap. They are known as civil and political rights, and were enshrined in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Regarding political rights, for example: the right to strike, to political asylum in circumstances of persecution or to vote.
As for civil rights, they represent those inherent to the person, that is, those that everyone should enjoy for being alive. For example: the right to life, freedom of expression or the right to food.
second generation rights. They are those consecrated towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. They seek to establish the equality of all people in different spheres of existence. They are also known as economic, social and cultural rights. They involve many aspects of life in society, access to public services and the possibility of training or participating in cultural life. For example: the right to a social security system, decent work, access to culture.
third generation rights. They are those established towards the end of the 20th century and seek to promote solidarity and the quality of life of people. They also include new aspects that were not considered before, since they are the product of scientific and technological development, such as genetic manipulation or concern for the environment. For example: the right to peace, the right to the protection of personal data, the right to enjoy a healthy environment.
fourth generation rights. They are those that have not yet been established. Jurists such as Augustos Morello, Antonio Pérez Luño or David Vallespín have considered that a new generation of human rights linked to the advances in computing, the idea of a global community and an interconnection that has revolutionized and transformed the way of living and relating. For example: the right to digital reputation, digital will or virtual privacy.

Other types of human rights

Rights of native peoples. They are those who recognize the particularities, identities and cultural and historical contributions of indigenous peoples. These rights seek the dignity of communities that advocate self-determination and respect that ennoble their ancient customs, beliefs and habits. For example: the right to decide their future and cultural identity.
Rights of children and adolescents. They are those who watch over the lives of children. The first declaration of children's rights in a systematic way is known as the Geneva Declaration of 1924, which involves also a series of duties and responsibilities that fall on their caregivers, however, this protocol was not binding for the State. It was in 1989 when the Convention on the Rights of the Child was signed, which legally protects boys and girls, and updates the optional documents that had been drafted before it. The Convention includes, for example: the right to education, food, opinion and the best interests of the child.

Examples of types of human rights

The right to protection of the family and minors is a social right.
The right to be elected in a popular vote is a right of a political nature.
The right to artistic life and access to science is a cultural right.
The right to a name and nationality is a civil right, also recognized as the right of the child.
The right to decent work, which supports an independent life and assured well-being, is an economic right.
The right to participate in government and to be appointed to public office is a political right.
The right not to be discriminated against under any circumstance is a civil right.
The right to sustainable development is a third generation right.
The right to recreation is a social right.
The right to cyber peace and computer security is considered a fourth generation right.