Physical And Chemical Properties Of Matter

Matter is basically made up of atoms. Depending on the atoms involved, the resulting substance will have specific physical and chemical properties. Properties are those characteristics that define a substance as unique, which describe how the pot manifests itself in reality, and that can be useful for certain purposes in everyday life. Some properties can change by applying heat, adding a different substance, putting matter under pressure, and with many other methods.

The physical and chemical properties of matter in general will be listed below, to understand the wide variety of forms in which it can be presented.

Condition

The state is not in itself a property, but it gives an idea of ​​the properties that the matter in question should have. Can be Solid liquid gas o Plasma, within those that have been handled at the laboratory level, and it has to do with the closeness that the atoms or molecules of the pot have to each other.

Physical properties

The physical properties are the characteristics that the pot has

without altering its atomic composition. They have to do with their changes of state, your interaction with the world and with its handling.

Temperature

Temperature is the property determined by the Average kinetic energy of the particles that constitute matter. It is measured with four different scales: Celsius or Centigrade Scale, Fahrenheit Scale, Kelvin or Absolute Centigrade Scale, and Rankine or Absolute English Scale. Its fundamental units are degrees. They can be represented: (° C, ° F, K and R) respectively. When a body with a higher temperature approaches another with a lower temperature, a transfer of that kinetic energy will occur to the one with a lower temperature. This transfer phenomenon will be called Hot.

Melting point

The Melting Point is that temperature at which matter in a state Solid becomes Liquid. It is known that Temperature is the degree of the average Kinetic Energy of the particles of matter. The higher the temperature, the more particles are agitated and give rise to the new physical state.

Boiling point

The Boiling Point is that temperature at which the pot is in the Liquid turns into Vapor. If the temperature is raised even more, the matter will tend more to the gaseous state.

Specific heat

Specific Heat is defined as the amount of energy what is needed for raise the temperature of a unit mass of matter by one degree. It serves, for example, to predict how much energy will be required to heat water to its boiling point. It is measured, for the International System of Units, in Calories for each Kilogram and degree Centigrade (cal / Kg ° C).

Mass

The mass is the amount of matter that exists in a body. It is measured in Kilograms (Kg), for the International System of Units, and in pounds (lb) for the English System.

Weight

Weight is Force exerted by a body on the surface of the Earth or on where it is placed, due to the action of the acceleration of gravity in the mass that forms it. It is measured in Newton, which is equivalent to Kilogram meter over second squared (Kg * m / s²).

Volume

Is he three-dimensional space encompassing a body. Its unit in the International System of Units is the cubic meter (m³) and its multiples and submultiples. In the English system you can use the cubic pe (ft³), or in small cases, the cubic inch (in³).

Density

Speaking of a body, Density refers to the mass in each unit of volume that it encompasses. Its unit in the international System of Units is the Kilogram per cubic meter (Kg / m³). And in the English System, it is the pound per cubic foot (lb / ft³).

Specific Volume

Specific Volume is the property Inverse Density. In this case, it is the Volume covered by each unit of mass of the body in question. Its units are the cubic meter over Kilogram (m³/ Kg), and cubic foot over pound (ft³/lb).

Electric conductivity

Electrical conductivity is the capacity of a material to allow the flow of an electric current through its structure. The most representative are metals, including Gold, Copper and Silver. Its unit is the micromho (mmho).

Electric resistance

Electrical resistance is the property opposite of conductivity. Indicates the capacity of the prevent or counteract the passage of a current electric through it. Its unit is the Ohm.

Thermal conductivity

Thermal Conductivity is the ability of a material to allow heat transfer through him. Metals are the best conductors of heat around.

Elasticity

Elasticity is the ability of a material to be deformed, either podium or compressed, always returning to its original shape.

Compressibility

Compressibility is the property of gases that allows them to cover less volume, by the influence of an external pressure.

Expansibility

Expandability is the property Opposite of Compressibility, which indicates that a gas can cover more volume, due to a decrease in pressure that affects it.

Ductility

Ductility is the property of solids that allows them to be formed into filaments, such as cables or wire. In metals this quality is better used, and they are given many forms.

Malleability

Malleability is the property of solids that allows them to be formed into thin and large sheets. It is used mainly in metals, for the production of coins or aluminum foil, for example.

Mechanical strength

Mechanical resistance is the property of many solids that allows them oppose deformation, torsion, or any other type of mechanical stress that deforms it.

Porosity

Porosity is the property of solids that refers to their structure is not completely uniform, but has gaps, that are part of the nature of the solid. Porosity is also handled as if the material were a Solid solution, with air as solute, scattered in the form of holes.

Hardness

Hardness is the property of solids that allows them resist scratches or attacks on its surface that could destroy them. Examples of the hardest materials that exist are Diamond, Tungsten Carbide, and a Graphene structure.

Solubility

Solubility is the property that allows a solute is immersed in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture. The solute and solvent can be in any physical state; The property applies the same.

Chemical properties

Chemical properties are those that characterize the shape of chemical interaction of matter. This implies that they are capable of changing chemically, altering their internal structure.

Reactivity

Reactivity indicates the ability of the chemical to interact with other chemical species, combining or modifying in its atomic structure. Examples of highly reactive substances are salts and acids. Examples of low reactive matter are polymers, such as plastics.

Hydrogen potential

Hydrogen Potential, or pH, is a property that occurs most clearly in aqueous solutions. It is the one that says if the dissolved substance presents a acidic or basic character. Its values ​​range from 1 to 14, separated into three main states: 1-6 corresponds to acidity, 7 corresponds to neutrality and 8-14 represents basicity. The dissolved substances can be acids, oxyacids, hydroxides, oxysalts.

REDOX potential

The REDOX Potential is a property that arises when there is ionization in an aqueous solution. Ions are known to be charged particles, so a voltage or potential difference from loads. It can be measured with a multimeter or a voltmeter.

Corrosiveness

Corrosivity is the property of many highly Reactive substances, which begin to wear or destroy surfaces with which they have contact, so they are dangerous for human contact.

Toxicity

Toxicity is the property of many Reactive substances that harm the human body at the time of having contact with him. Contact can be through ingestion, inhalation, or touch.

Inflammability

Flammability is the property of substances that, when in contact with a spark, with fire or in an environment that is too hot, can trigger a combustion and affect the materials that are nearby. Example of flammable substances are organic solvents.

Explosiveness

Explosivity is perhaps the most dangerous chemical property. The explosive substance when subjected to a spark or combustion, will generate a large amount of energy, released in a very short time. Explosive substances are used for mineral extraction in mines. Ammonium Nitrate NH₄NOT₃ and Potassium Nitrate KNO₃ They are one of the most representative of this category.

Activation energy

Activation Energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to start to happen. There are times when catalysts are used to get a little closer to that energy.