Stages of History

The stages of history They comprise periods that are separated by distinctive circumstances, social changes, or momentous events.

Up to the current (contemporary) stage there have been five fully recognized stages of history, but there are those who consider the Renaissance to be a further stage in history.

Main stages of the story:

1. Prehistory = (2,000,000 BC to 3,500 years BC)
   It is estimated that in this period the human being appeared, fire, agriculture and the beginnings of livestock were discovered.
2. Old age = (From 3,500 years BC to the 5th century AD)
   It is estimated that the deed was created.
3. Middle Ages = (From the 5th to the 15th century)
   America was discovered and the feudal era began.
4. Modern age = (From the 15th to the 18th century)
   The outbreak of inventions and advances in science was presented.
   *(The Renaissance) = (From the 14th to the 16th century)
5. Contemporary age = (From the 18th century to the 21st century... ”)
   The arrival of man on the moon, the first and second world wars, technological advances in times of war, mass media.

Example of stages in history:

It includes from the emergence of writing to the present day. History is subdivided into:
Old age It begins with the rise of writing and ends with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476. C.
The first civilizations originate in the following areas of the planet and are mainly agricultural:
Mesopotamia: Temporary location dates from the year 4000 BC. C., was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula. Important cities were: Larsa, Lagash, Ur, Uruk, etc. They invented the irrigation system.
Economy: It was based on the agriculture of wheat, barley, lentils, etc., livestock, fishing and commerce. The temple constitutes the center of commercial operations for both exports and imports, as well as the purchase and sale of homes and land, loans, inheritances, etc.
Society: It is divided according to the hierarchy within the City-State. Royal family and high clergy; government officials (scribes, administrators, landowners, etc.); and finally artisans, peasants, fishermen, shepherds and slaves.
Politics: Hereditary theocratic, since the civil and religious magistracy were united in the king. The empire is divided into provinces administered by rulers who are in charge of the economy, the army, and justice.
Religion: Polytheistic, of the anthropomorphic type, and each divinity had a symbol that differentiated it from the others.
Cultural contributions: In astronomy, the constellations and calculations of lunar eclipses; in mathematics, they learned the four arithmetic rules, they divided the year into 12 months; in architecture, they used brick in constructions; in literature the writing was pictographic, hieroglyphic and cuneiform. Known literary works are: The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Creation Poem and Dialogues of Pessimism.

Egypt: The temporal location of Egyptian culture dates back to 3300 BC. C., its spatial location in North Africa, on the banks of the Nile River. The emperor "Nemes" unified Egypt.
Economy: agriculture, livestock, fishing and commerce.
Society: It was made up of the nobility (royal family or members of previous dynasties), priests, military, scribes, farmers, artisans, industrialists (painters, masons, sculptors, etc.) and finally ranchers.
Politics: Theocratic and hereditary monarchy, the sovereigns were called pharaohs, by divine right they had all the powers: the military, administrative, judicial and religious.
Religion: He was polytheistic, where it was believed in a life in the afterlife and even that the pharaoh was the incarnation of the god "Horus".
Cultural contributions: Mathematics were used to calculate the measurements and hydraulics, the Egyptian numbering was decimal although zero was not known. In astronomy, they knew the planets and stars; they invented a solar calendar and they divided the year into 365 days, they invented water and sun clocks. They used mummification of bodies, there were advances in medicine and pharmacopoeia. In art, funerary and religious architecture (pyramids, sphinxes, obelisks, etc.), sculpture idealized type in geometric closed volume and arms glued to the trunk, polychrome painting, between others.
Phenicia: The temporary location of the Phoenician culture dates back to 1600 BC. C., while its spatial location was the strip between the Mediterranean Sea and the Lebanon mountain range. The most important cities were: Arados, Tripoli, Byblos, Sidon and Tire.
Economy: It was mainly land and sea trade. Its industry was of manufactured articles, metalwork was concentrated in the creation of weapons and jewels, the dry cleaner that was dedicated to the dyeing of garments arose.
Society: The first social class was formed by the nobility, the senate and the merchants; the second by the sailors and workers; and lastly, the peasants.
Politics: It was of the monarchical type, although it was subject to an aristocratic senate that was made up of the wealthiest.
Religion: Polytheistic, very similar to the previous ones described.
Cultural contributions: The greatest contribution of the Phoenicians was navigation; a new type of writing with 22 letters and they replaced the clay tablets by the papyrus.
Assyria: The temporary location was in northern Mesopotamia, situated in the middle reaches of the Tigris, in present-day northeast Iraq.
Economy: It was mixed (agricultural-livestock). They also traded tin and cloth in exchange for gold, silver and copper.
Society: The king, the royal family and the high clergy were the highest class, the aristocracy, military and officials were ranked second in that order, free peasants and artisans and, lastly, slaves and deported.
Politics: Monarchical, the provinces were run by governors who had some autonomy in their territory and were in charge of collecting taxes and administering justice.
Religion: Naturist at first until reaching Mazdeism, where the virtues of truth, righteousness and purity are preached, the immortality of the soul is accepted.
Cultural contributions: They are found in its buildings, crafts and paintings.
Middle Ages It begins in the year 476 AD. C. and ends with the invasion of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453 AD. C.
It is known as the time of feudalism; it appears with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the year 476 of our era. The emergence of the feud as a form of social organization coincides with the clash and later fusion of two cultures: the Roman and the Germanic.
It is characterized because it produces its material life based on the work of the servant. Based on the work of the servant, the entire social structure of this time was raised. The land is fundamentally the source of all wealth and belongs to the feudal lord who has the right not only to exploit it, but to dominate the men who work it. The serf is considered part of the property of the land, he owes respect and submission to the feudal lord.
The feudal lord exercised broad political functions within his fiefdom: he issued laws, made them comply, dispense justice among his vassals, mint money, and impose taxes and tolls, and Commerce. The structure of the company is divided into:
1- King, feudal lords, rich nobles and high clergy (including the Pope).
2- Under clergy and villains (serfs and free peasants).
The feudal system is weakened as a consequence of the emergence of the Nation-State.
Modern age It includes the year 1453 d. C. until 1789, the beginning of the French Revolution.
It begins with the epoch called Absolutism (political system in which all power is conferred on a single individual or a group). Today the term is associated almost exclusively with the rule of a dictator. Absolutism differs in the unlimited power claimed by the autocrat, in contrast to the constitutional limitations imposed on the heads of state of democratic countries. The development of modern Absolutism began with the birth of the European nation states towards the end of the 15th century and lasted for more than 200 years. The best example is, perhaps, in the reign of Louis XIV of France (1643-1715). His declaration ((The State is me ”, accurately sums up the concept of the divine right of kings. A series of revolutions that began in England (1688) gradually forced the monarchs of Europe to hand over their power to parliamentary governments.

Contemporary age:
Click here to learn about the contemporary age.