Definition of Central Nervous System

The Nervous system is divided into two large parts, the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, the brain for its part is made up of the brain, the cerebellum and the brain stem. The peripheral nervous system is made up of the various peripheral nerves that emerge or reach the spinal cord, these are distributed throughout the body.

All the organs that make up the central nervous system are contained in a bony protective structure formed by the skull and the spinal canal, They are also lined by three membranes known as meninges between which a space called subarachnoid is created where the liquid circulates cerebrospinal; this fluid is made up of various elements mainly protein, ions, glucose and blood cells belonging to the immune system, their function is to allow the exchange of various substances between the nervous system and the blood, also providing cushioning and protection mechanics.

In the central nervous system, two classes of substance can be distinguished by their coloration, they are the white matter and the gray matter. The gray matter is formed by the bodies of neurons, while the white matter corresponds to the extensions of neurons called nerve fibers.

What differentiates the human being from the animal

The brain is the main organ of the nervous system, its superficial part or cerebral cortex is what differentiates man from the rest of the animals and there are the areas that allow the association and integration higher mental functions, there are also functions such as motor capacity, sensitivity and perception information from the organs of vision and hearing, the ability to speak and understand what is heard, the ability to carry out mathematical operations, identify laterality and the ability to relate, the more deeply it is find the systems related to emotions, memory, hormonal control, regulation of circadian rhythms or clock biological, the temperature and appetite.

The foundations of the cerebellum

The cerebellum is a structure fundamentally related to the coordination motor, posture and Balance, is involved in the accuracy of the movement fine. The brainstem, also called the brainstem, is made up of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata; regulates autonomous or involuntary functions, allows the state of consciousness and is the place where a series of reflexes are integrated that make up the position and posture of the head with the position of the eyes, also allows the passage of both the ascending and descending pathways between the brain and cerebellum with the medulla spinal.

Nutrients, oxygen, and precautions

The central nervous system receives nutrients and oxygen through four arteries that reach it after passing through the holes in the skull, in the anterior part are the two internal carotid arteries and towards the back the vertebral arteries, these are integrated forming a known circuit Polygon of Willis. The cerebral arteries can be the seat of diseases such as arteriosclerosis and aneurysms that are the leading causes of strokes and brain hemorrhages respectively. The venous circulation of the brain is different from that of the rest of the body, there are veins and also cisterns through which the blood back to the heart known as venous sinuses, once it leaves the skull then passes to the veins of the neck.