10 Examples of Exact Sciences

The exact Sciences are those sciences that produce scientific knowledge from applied, empirical, quantifiable theoretical models, usually experimental, which are based on the steps of the scientific method and in objectivity as the mechanisms to understand their different areas of study. For example: mathematics, biology, computing.

The exact sciences are also known as pure sciences, hard science or fundamental sciences.

They are distinguished from the calls soft sciences or human sciences, whose axes of study are based on conjecture, qualitative analysis and experiments that yield uncertain, non-predictive results.

It is not a universal or determinative classification of the Sciences, but usually these terms - harsh, pure, exact - are used a little colloquially to discern certain fields of the to know. In fact, none contemporary science embraces or pretends paradigms of accuracy or from unchanging truth, regardless of the methods and approaches on which it is based.

Not even natural Sciences

or experimental can be considered really exact sciences today. Even so, this term is in common use to often distinguish pejoratively between more formal fields of scientific practice and others less strict or less recognized as such.

Examples of exact sciences

1. Physical. Often understood as mathematics applied to the description of phenomena and forces that occur in the surrounding reality, is based on the aspiration of a formal measurement and theoretical description of the universe. For this he uses experimentation, observation and numerous instruments, although in some variants like quantum physics and even astrophysics, the degree of uncertainty and conjecture is very high higher.
2. Chemistry. Study the operation of the matter and the atomic relationships in it, chemistry undertakes experimentation as a way of showing more or less exactly a set of its fundamental theoretical principles, replicable in the laboratory and with numerous daily applications demonstrable.
3. Mathematics. Since it operates on the basis of a set of relations, signs and proportions of a logical and abstract nature, mathematics as formal science He uses methods that are exact and determined, repeatable and deductible, more or less experimental. It is considered the epitome of the formal sciences, since many others, such as physics, use it to establish their reading of the world.
4. geology. Interested in the formation and origin of the various elements that make up the Earth, this exact science uses others such as chemistry and physics to obtain demonstrable, experimental results accompanied by a theoretical formulation regarding the subsoil layers and the processes by it experienced. However, it is possible that there is some room for speculation in the historical recomposition of the substrates that formed the planet.
5. biology. The study of life is also a field highly attached to the principles of the scientific method that propose observation, examination, hypothesis and experimental reproduction to check the accuracy of the assumption. In that sense, biology is twinned with other natural Sciences in his approach to the world of the living in its different possible scenarios.
6. Biochemistry. Hand in hand with chemistry and biology, this science focuses on understanding the chemical processes of living matter, and for this, accuracy is always an important claim. Detailed study of relationships molecular that allow life entails the opening of much more complex fields of intervention and experimentation with demonstrable results.
7. Pharmacology. One step ahead of biochemistry and hand in hand with medicine, pharmacology seeks the highest possible accuracy in the intervention of the human body with various compounds of origin natural and artificial, in favor of generating well-being and curing illnesses and diseases.
8. computing. Product of the application of mathematics in the complex elaboration of logical systems, it is an exact science as long as its results are predictable: systems can be built that perform tasks in a verifiable and demonstrable manner, very close to accuracy (although many computational experiences show an irreparable margin of error in most systems, as any Windows user will knows).
9. Oceanography. The science that investigates the composition of the waters and bottoms of the seas and oceans, uses biology and chemistry to understand the processes Biotics and physicochemicals that occur in these specific areas. To that extent, his studies are reproducible in the laboratory and factually verifiable.
10. Medicine. Combination of other exact sciences applied to logic and operation of the different organs and tissues of the human body, with the aim of alleviating illnesses and diseases, as well as repairing to the extent of damage and trauma as much as possible, aspires to a significant margin of accuracy, since lives depend on it human.

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