15 Syntax Examples

Syntax

The syntax It is a branch of grammar that deals with studying the possible combinations and functions that words and phrases have within a sentence.

In all languages, words can be arranged and combined in different ways, but these combinations have specific rules for a sentence to be well written and for it to have sense. For example, the sentence "I saw a movie yesterday" is not well written, because the words are not correctly ordered and, therefore, it does not make sense.

On the other hand, the sentences "I saw a movie yesterday" and "I saw a movie yesterday" are well written, because the words are ordered correctly and because they make sense. As seen in this example, there are different possible combinations within a sentence, but they always have to comply with certain order rules.

Fundamental units of syntax

Syntactic analysis

It consists of analyzing the structure of a sentence in order to know what function each phrase fulfills and how the elements should be ordered and combined. Syntactic analysis is taught and studied so that people can write and understand sentences correctly.

Sentence analysis

In parsing, you start by determining what the sentence looks like. The sentences can be:

Then each part of the sentence is analyzed. If the sentence is compound, all suborations are parsed. If the sentence is bimembre, the subject and the predicate are analyzed. If the sentence is unimembre, it is determined which is the nucleus and which are the modifiers that it receives.

Subject analysis

The subject is the phrase that agrees with the verb in person and number and always has a nucleus, which is the central word of this construction and which can be a noun, a pronoun or a substantive construction. For instance: Elena's aunt went to the park. (Subject: Elena's aunt; core: Elena)

The subject can be simple if you have a single core (for example: Ana live here) or compound if you have two or more cores (for example:Ana and Pedro they live here).

The core of the subject or any noun phrase can be accompanied by the following modifiers:

Analysis of the predicate

The verbal predicates they are usually after the subject and have a nucleus that is a conjugated verb, which always agrees in person and number with the subject. For instance: Them they went to the store. (subject: them; predicate: they went to the store; core of the predicate: were).

In addition, there are other types of predicates, non-verbal predicates, whose nucleus is a noun, an adjective, a adverb or a verbose. For instance: The weather, cool. (subject: the weather; nonverbal predicate: cool)

Verbal predicates can be simple if they have a single core (for example: Tomorrow we will camp) or compounds if they have two or more cores (for example: Tomorrow we'll go to the mountain and we will camp).

The core of the verbal predicate or any verb phrase can be accompanied by the following modifiers:

Syntax examples

1. The bird is flying towards the nest. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject: the bird
• Subject core: bird
• Subject core modifier: the (direct modifier)
• Predicate: is flying towards the nest
• Core of the predicate: is flying
• Modifiers of the predicate kernel: towards the nest (circumstantial of place)

1. It's cold. (simple unimembre sentence)

• Core: ago
• Direct modifier: cold

1. The ship changed course and the sailors rested a bit. (compound sentence)

• Subsection 1: the ship changed course
• Subjection subject 1: the ship
• Sub-Subject Core 1: Ship
• Sub-subject core modifier 1: the (direct modifier)
• Suboration predicate 1: turned the tide
• Core of the suboration predicate 1: changed
• Suboration predicate kernel modifier 1: bearing (direct object)
• Suboration 2: the sailors got some rest
• Subjection Subject 2: The Sailors
• Subsection Subject Core 2: Sailors
• Sub-subject core modifier 2: los (direct modifier)
• Suboration predicate 2: they rested a bit
• Core of the suboration predicate 2: rested
• Suboration predicate kernel modifier 2: a little (quantity circumstantial)

1. Estefanía prepared dinner for her friends. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject and core of the subject: Estefanía
• Predicate: he cooked dinner for his friends
• Core predicate: prepared
• Modifiers of the predicate kernel: dinner (direct object); les - a sus amigos (indirect object)

1. The house is very big. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject: the house
• Subject core: house
• Subject core modifier: la (direct modifier)
• Predicate: it is very big
• Core of the predicate: is
• Predicate kernel modifier: very large (subjective predicative)

1. In winter it snows a lot. (simple unimembre sentence)

• Core: snows
• Core modifiers: in winter (circumstantial of time); mucho (circumstantial of quantity)

1. The president gave a speech. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject: the president
• Subject core: president
• Subject core modifier: the (direct modifier)
• Preached: gave a speech
• Core of the predicate: gave
• Predicate core modifier: a speech (direct object)

1. The dog is in the room. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject: the dog
• Subject core: dog
• Subject core modifier: the (direct modifier)
• Predicate: it's in the spoon
• Core of the predicate: is
• Predicate kernel modifier: in the spoon (place circumstantial)

1. Esteban rehearses with his bandmates. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject and core of the subject: Esteban
• Predicate: rehearse with your bandmates
• Core predicate: rehearse
• Predicate core modifier: with your bandmates (companion circumstantial)

1. Andrea and Marisa spoke about the situation in the country. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Composite subject: Andrea and Marisa
• Nuclei of the subject: Andrea; Marisa
• Predicate: they talked about the situation in the country
• Core of the predicate: they spoke
• Modifier of the core of the predicate: on the situation of the country (regime complement)

1. Darío will live in a new house in a few days. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject and core of the subject: Darío
• Predicate: You will live in a new house in a few days.
• Core of the predicate: will live
• Modifiers of the core of the predicate: in a new house (circumstantial of place); in a few days (circumstantial time)

1. Gabriela writes, corrects and edits hers of her own books. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject and core of the subject: Gabriela
• Compound predicate - write, proofread, and edit your own books
• Predicate kernels: write; correct; edit
• Predicate kernel modifier: hers own books hers (direct object)

1. The car is parked in front of my house. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject: the car
• Subject core: automobile
• Subject core modifier: the (direct modifier)
• Predicate: it's parked in front of my house
• Core of the predicate: is
• Predicate modifiers: parked (subjective predicative); in front of my house (circumstantial of place)

1. Everyone believes his words. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject and subject core: all
• Predicate: believe his words
• Core of the predicate: believe
• Predicate kernel modifier: in your words (regime complement)

1. This coffee is very cold. (simple bimembre sentence)

• Subject: this coffee
• Subject core: coffee
• Subject core modifier: east (direct modifier)
• Predicate: it's very cold
• Core of the predicate: is
• Predicate kernel modifier: very cold (subjective predicative)

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