25 Phonics Examples

The phonetics It is a discipline of linguistics that studies the realization and perception of the sounds of language, whether of a particular language or of several languages.

Phonetics is responsible for describing the sounds of languages, the changes in pronunciation that exist within the same language (either due to the passage of time or according to the place), the production of sounds in relation to the difficulties that people may have speaking or understanding sounds, which can be linked to human beings or to technology.

Phonos are the minimum unit of phonetics and are the physical realizations of linguistic sounds, because they are those sounds that allow differentiating meanings. Studying phones helps to establish how the sounds of a language are pronounced.

To represent the phones or the sounds of the language, phonetic symbols are used that always go between brackets. For instance: [ɾ] represents the “r” sound for caro.

The different phonetic symbols make up a phonetic alphabet, which can be regional, that is, it belongs to a specific language and a specific region. For example: [s] will be used to represent the z sound of the word “shoe” from Rio de la Plata, but [θ] will be used to represent the sound of z from Peninsular Spanish.

In addition, there is also the AFI (International Phonetic Alphabet) which contains all the phonetic symbols of all the languages ​​of the world and that is used to carry out the phonetic transcription of phones, words or statements.

Phonetics differs from phonology, because in the former the material and concrete realization of linguistic sounds and in the second the mental representation of sounds is studied, which is always abstract.

Both disciplines complement each other, because phonetics studies what sounds are like and phonology studies how those sounds allow us to differentiate meanings in a language.

According to the object of study and its application, there are three branches of phonetics: acoustic, auditory and articulatory.

Acoustic phonetics

It is that branch of phonetics in which sound waves are studied. Spectrograms or other instruments that measure sound waves are used to carry out these studies. With these measurements the acoustic features of each sound can be established.

Auditory phonetics

It is that branch of phonetics in which how people perceive sounds is studied. For example, in the word "pharmacy" the "a" is pronounced as an "e" [e] by the intervocalic context, but the receiver always interprets it as an "a" [a].

In addition, auditory phonetics deals with studying other sound phenomena of language, such as intonation and stress. For example, questions have ascending intonation and statements have descending intonation. Thanks to intonation, people can differentiate a question (Today is Tuesday?) From a statement (Today is Tuesday).

Articulatory phonetics

Articulatory phonetics is the branch that deals with studying the physiological processes involved in the production of a phone, that is, a sound of language.

Within the same language, sounds are classified taking into account different features. The consonants They are classified according to:

All vowels are voiced and oral and are classified according to:

One phone always differs from another by one or more features. For example: The r for caro [‘kaɾo] and the double r for car [‘ karo] differ because [ɾ] is single vibrating and [r] is multiple vibrating.

Examples of phonetics

1. [b] is a bilabial, stop, voiced and oral consonant.
2. [p] is a bilabial, stop, voiceless, and oral consonant.
3. [ɲ] is a palatal, stop, voiced and nasal consonant.
4. [t͡ʃ] is a postalveolar, affricate, voiceless, and oral consonant.
5. [x] is a velar, fricative, deaf and oral consonant.
6. [ʒ] is a postalveolar, voiced fricative and oral consonant.
7. [ɱ] is a labiodental, fricative, voiced and nasal consonant.
8. [g] is a velar, stop, voiced and oral consonant.
9. [s] is an alveolar, fricative, deaf, and oral consonant.
10. [t] is a dental, stop, voiceless, and oral consonant.
11. [a] is a pharyngeal vowel, broad, broad and delabialized.
12. [e] is a front vowel, broad, broad and delabialized.
13. [i] is a front vowel, narrow, reduced and delabialized.
14. [ɔ] is a broad, broad and labialized back vowel.
15. [u] is a back vowel, narrow, reduced and labialized.
16. Phonetic transcription of taco [‘tako].
17. Phonetic transcription of cheese [‘ceso].
18. Phonetic transcription of girl [‘girl].
19. Phonetic transcription of roja [‘roxa].
20. Phonetic transcription of norma [‘nɔɾma].
21. Phonetic transcription of dog [‘pero].
22. Phonetic transcription of heart [kora'son].
23. Phonetic transcription of fly [‘mɔhka].
24. Phonetic transcription of drawing [di‘β̞uxo].
25. Phonetic transcription of angle [‘aŋgulo].

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