Organisms Organization

The living world contains an impressive diversity of organisms whose structures and forms of life are very varied. Ordering this great variety of beings for study is a task that at first glance seems impossible. There are scientists who dedicate their activity to ordering or grouping into sets of organisms related to each other by their similarity or similarity in form and function, as well as by the proximity of their origin evolutionary. With the help of morphological and anatomical studies initially and, in more recent times, using physiological, paleontological, biochemical and other data, it has been possible to order the living diversity in groups of organisms that are more or less closely related or related, and that probably had common ancestors in the course of evolution organic. These groups of organisms have been organized using systems of nomenclature and hierarchies that form a field of human knowledge called systematics. Systematics is the ordering of living beings using criteria of similarities, differences and evolutionary relationships.

Taxonomy is the set of technical standards and procedures for ordering living beings into related taxa or groups.
The founder of modern systematics was the Swedish naturalist Carl Linné (Linnaeus) (1707-1778), author of Species Plantarum and other works establishing the nomenclature system in Latin called the binomial system, currently used by taxonomists, who are scientists who are dedicated to the study of the systematic.
They use names in Latin or Latinized Greek, since this language is known to all of them, which allows each plant or animal to be recognized with the same name throughout the world.
The final objective of the systematics is the development of a definitive genealogical tree of all the living beings that have inhabited and still inhabit the Planet; but we are still a long way from reaching that goal because it is still necessary to study many groups of living things in detail before completing this work. Progress in this field of science has been considerable, since knowledge of genetics and biochemistry are currently used, in addition to the morphological and anatomical study of living beings.
Before the development of the science of systematics, living things were given names that changed from place to place and from time to time. These names called "vulgar names" continue to be used in the informal conversations of scientists and, above all, by the common people. Scientific names are used mainly in scientific works that are read preferably by specialists.
As an example of the usefulness of scientific names to allow communication between scientists and specialists from different countries, we will mention the case of Common ash, whose scientific name is Fraxinus communis: This tree, which is grown in parks and avenues in Mexico and other countries, receives the following names: Germany: Esche; England: Ash; France: Frene; Greece: Fraxi-nos; Japan: Tomeriko; Holland: It is; Portugal: Freixo; Soviet Union: Jasen; Turkey: Disbudak; Poland: Jesion; Romania: Frasin; Israel: Mey-la, etcetera.
By using the scientific name, it is possible for people in any country to know exactly what species of plant, animal or microorganism the author of the work refers to. This precision is essential to ensure that a scientific work can be repeated, that its results can be applied to new jobs or practical uses in places other than the one where it was done.