Functional Groups And Nomenclature

The functional groups are: alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acids, ester, amines, amides and halogenated compounds.
The functional group es the group of atoms that characterize a chemical function and that have well-defined characteristic properties. Example: the acid taste of lemon and vinegar is due to the presence in the structure of the carboxyl group -COOH.
Functional groups and nomenclature.

COMPOUND	FUNCTIONAL GROUP
Alcohol	Radical-OH
Acid	Radical- H (Ability to donate protons)
Carboxyl	Radical-COOH
Aldehyde	Radical-COH (In intermediate carbon)
Ketone	Radical-CO-Radical (In terminal carbon)
Amine	1,2 or 3 Radicals- NH3.2 or 1
Ether Halogenated Compounds	Radical-O-Radical, Halogen-Carbon (Chlorine, bromine, fluorine)
Ester	OR ll R1 - C - O - R2
Amide	OR ll R1 - C - NH2

NOMENCLATURE
Alcohols: The o in the name of the abano is replaced by ol, which is the characteristic termination of alcohols. For example: Methanol.
Carboxylic acids: The ending ico is added to the name of the alkane, or the o at the end of the alkane is deleted and the ending oico is added.

Aldehyde: The ending for aldehydes is al. The final o of the corresponding alkane is deleted and added to.
Ketone: The official nomenclature replaces the final o of the alkanes with the ending one, if necessary the position of the functional group (carbonyl group) is indicated with a number.
Amine: They are considered as aminoalkanes, the name or names of the alkyl radicals are said in order of complexity and then the word. For example: methyl, ethyl amine.
Amide: The word acid and the carboxylic acid oic termination are deleted and replaced by the word amide.
Ether: The word oxy is used interposed between the names of the two radicals. For example: CH 3-O-CH3 Methyl-oxy-Methyl.
Ester: To name the esters, the word acid is deleted, the ico termination (of the carboxylic acid) is changed to ato and the name of the alkyl or aryl group derived from alcohol is given.
Halogenated compounds: Say the name of the halogen and its position (when necessary) and then the name of the hydrocarbon, or say the name of the uro-terminated halogen then the word 'de' and then the name of the ilo-terminated alkane. For example: CH 3- Cl
Name 1. Chlorine methane.
Name 2. Methyl chloride