Elements Of Prayer

The sentence consists of two elements: the subject (what is said about) and the predicate (what is said about the subject). Of these, the predicate is essential, since the subject can be understood or not exist grammatically (as in the case of impersonal sentences).
The subject has its nucleus (noun or equivalent function), consisting of the word or words that contain the main idea. In addition, it can have complements, that is words that determine or limit the extension of the kernel (determinative complement), which indicate its qualities (qualifying complement) or explain something about it, incidentally, and go between commas (complement explanatory).
The predicate also has its nucleus (which is the predicative verb, or the copulative verb with its attribute), the seat of the fundamental idea of ​​the predication. In turn, it can have complements: the one that directly receives the action indicated by the verb and that has executed the subject (direct object); the one that indicates the end, damage or benefit of the verbal action (indirect object); and the one that indicates the circumstances of time, place, mode, company, quantity, instrument, cause, argument, etc., in which what is indicated by the verb (circumstantial complement) is executed.

Synthesis and exemplification:

Prayer: This good student, my friend, writes a letter to his teacher, carefully.