Biography Of Emiliano Zapata

Revolutionary leader born on August 8, 1879 and died on April 10, 1919.

Emiliano Zapata Salazar he was a guerrilla fighter and revolutionary leader who gave himself to the mission of conquering the lands that traditionally corresponded to his native town, "Anenecuilco"State of Morelos. This ideology arose from the long legal struggle that the inhabitants of that place were waging since the colony, arriving in a moment given to have a response from the viceroy who granted them their lands, but which were added to the estate of the hospital.

Emiliano Zapata Salazar was born in Anenecuilco, State of Morelos on August 8, 1879, being the penultimate child of the marriage formed by Mr. Gabriel Zapata and Mrs. Cleofas Salazar.

His basic studies were carried out in his hometown, Anenecuilco, having only basic education and a limited knowledge of "bookkeeping."

He was orphaned at the young age of 16, having already established himself as a well-potent rancher, which kept him in good financial position.

He stood out as a good charro and as a person of the time he was a great womanizer, he proudly flaunted his charro suit and his presence was distinctive for his very large mustache and his strong but measured character.

His life was very comfortable for his time, but in 1906 he was commissioned by the settlers to manage the recovery of the lands. that by right corresponded to them, for which they made known all the documents corresponding to the interventions, trials and petitions.

The lands of the town were given to the hospital estate, before which there was a strong disgust when trying carry out another trial, in which the representative of the hacienda refused and told them that if they want to sow they will sow in pots.

The food shortage and the crisis of the town caused that when hearing this action by the representative of the hospital estate, made Emiliano Zapata gather the people and take the lands by force.

Entrance to the revolution of Emiliano Zapata:

The armed incursion of Emiliano Zapata would clearly not bear fruit and would not last if the armed uprising started by Francisco I. Madero, in the plan of San Luis. This was the piece that finished the painting for Emiliano Zapata and the ideals of his movement on earth.

The main ones in the movement of the armed uprising were Pablo Terreros Burgos, Otilio Montaño and Emiliano Zapata; of these three they chose Pablo Terreros Burgos to go to Texas, but he was assassinated in 1911, together with his sons, in the hands of the central army, which is why Emiliano Zapata begins his uprising Armed.

Thus the hatred that increased to the need and the thirst for revenge, strongly nourishes the armed ranks of Emiliano Zapata.

Emiliano Zapata and the Zapatismo or Zapatista army was the armed force of the revolution in the south of the country.

At one point, Emiliano Zapata turns out to be the first revolutionary leader to meet Francisco I. Madero and his inseparable brother Gustavo A. Log; In the interview, Emiliano Zapata had a bad impression of Francisco I. Madero, and began the distrust of him and the distancing of Zapatismo from Maderism.

Emiliano Zapata decided to withdraw from the fight, but Francisco y Madero insisted on continuing, offering him at one point a good return after the armed struggle.

It is precisely after the taking of Cuautla Morelos, that Don Porfirio Díaz surrenders and his subsequent exile to France.

Finally Francisco I madero obtains the presidency, but the fame of guerrilla and criminal of Emiliano Zapata made him uncomfortable, so he ordered Zapata to go into exile abroad and decline weapons.

Madero's action seemed to him an extreme betrayal, which is why Emiliano Zapata included on several occasions the concept of traitor to the tree in Ayala's plan.

Second stage of the revolution of Emiliano Zapata, "The massacre":

After the tragic desire and the beginning of the Victoriano Huerta regime, what they called the cleaning of Morelos began, which consisted to end all the Zapatistas, remove all rebels and recolonize the place, a job that was left in the hands of General Juvencio Oak trees.

This action provoked the uprising of Emiliano Zapata to the Arms once again.

Finally the General Victoriano Huerta and that's when General Álvaro Obregón makes his triumphal entry into Mexico City but without escorts or representatives of the Zapatista army.

The Zapatista army was totally relegated from the victory of the Revolution, beginning the fight for the power by the different sides, this was made very clear by Emiliano Zapata, especially by the Ambition that he saw on Venustiano Carranza.

So Emiliano Zapata demands that Venustiano Carranza, follow Ayala's plan without any modification being made, that he resigned from power and that the representatives of Zapatismo were included in the new regime.

Venustiano Carranza flatly refuses, eliminating relations with Zapata, in addition to having entered into conflicts with Álvaro Obregón and Felipe Angeles.

Although it was not entirely satisfactory, Emiliano Zapata had a relationship with Francisco Villa in the Aguas Calientes Convention, which presumed that Zapatismo would have entry into the circle of the government. But this did not last, although Ayala's plan was accepted.

Finally Francisco Villa and Emiliano Zapata made their triumphal entry into Mexico City on December 6, 1914, with their great parade and their troops.

The contrasts of the sides were very marked, since Francisco Villa was a guerrilla fighter, who even prepared himself with artillery, cannons, rifles and ammunition to continue the fight, instead Emiliano Zapata sought land for the peasant and even openly repudiated politics, claiming “that he would break”To whoever offered the presidency.

Venustiano Carranza began the persecution of Francisco Villa, while Emiliano Zapata returned to his land, making the distributions that he so dreamed of, and for which they fought.

Although his custom was that of "break traitors”He became an icon and moral authority, so many sought him out to help them with their problems.

For a time "Tlaltizapan”(Where they concentrated their headquarters), it was a quiet place, considered the capital of the revolution.

In the state of Morelos they decided to divide the lands according to the pre-Hispanic and viceregal distribution, so they followed the uses and customs of the peoples autochthonous and followed the indications of the elders, this complicated the measurements that the surveyors made, surveyors among which Felipe Carrillo stood out Port.

It took months to demarcate the lands following the indications of the elders and the viceregal documents.

Finally the state of Morelos was left as a small republic and they founded schools, agrarian industries, and small factories.

Emiliano Zapata refuses to leave Morelos, living his little dream utopia, trying to get away from the central power, which was together with his leaders in a strong struggle for power.

End of Zapatismo:

Finally Francisco Villa's forces were defeated by General Álvaro Obregón, who managed to repel the guerrilla.

Now Venustiano Carranza's instructions are to go against Zapatismo, as if cleaning up. Thus, in 1915 in the month of August, the armed struggle against Zapatismo begins, and it is with an implacable wave of the federal army that annihilates the Zapatista forces.

It is in the hands of General Pablo Gonzales that the extermination of the Zapatistas begins, shooting in mass on the first occasion to 225 civilians, even though there was an admiration that had been agreed with anteriority.

By 1916 he took the barracks of Emiliano Zapata, killing 283 people, which caused the migration of Zapatismo to Xochimilco, while the forces of General Pablo Gonzales kill everyone and destroy all the houses and buildings to his step.

Finally Emiliano Zapata begins the guerrilla war, attacking Mexico City in its surrounding areas, killing and destroying. The reaction of the central government is to withdraw General Pablo Gonzales and his troops in November of the same year, returning the Zapatistas to Morelos.

Finally the taste of power reached Zapatismo, the internal struggles began and Emiliano Zapata was afraid of betrayals began to find and execute traitors everywhere, fostering fear in their own rows. Thus following his philosophy: "I forgive the one who robs the one who kills but the traitor not”; thus, Emiliano Zapata obtains the head of his comrade-in-arms, “Domingo Arenas”, considering him a traitor.

Now all those close to him expected the worst and by 1918 the federal troops were already settled. in the State of Morelos, although Zapata had his headquarters in his possession, but the countdown had started.

When faced with an imminent defeat, and with immense fear, Emiliano Zapata decides to make a pact with everyone the parties whom he rejected before and whom he attacked, even with Venustiano Carranza, with whom he swore never do it.

Nobody follows his requests and finally Zapatismo and Ayala's plan are totally ignored. The Zapatista forces are diminishing, among other causes due to a series of epidemics and military defeats, for which they lose the Tlaltizapan barracks and return to Xochimilco.

Emiliano Zapata finally decides to start the armed struggle again, taking advantage of Venustiano Carranza's thirst for power.

He writes a letter for all Venustiano Carranza detractors to sign, but his end was what came to him.

The death of Emiliano Zapata, "The betrayal":

Finally the long-awaited betrayal, the betrayal for which he killed so many people on his own side, came, and it was when he least expected it; it was in the hands of Colonel Jesus Guajardo and from General Pablo Gonzales.

The betrayal begins with news of a conflict between Gonzales and Guajardo, so he decides to send a letter to Colonel Guajardo so that he can join his ranks. But this letter came into the hands of General Pablo Gonzales, for which he extorts Colonel Guajardo, and this for demonstrating his loyalty to the central government, answered the letter to Emiliano Zapata but the general demanded from Colonel Guajardo the death of Victoriano Barcena and his troops, Colonel Guajardo fulfills General Pablo's order Gonzales.

Thus, Emiliano Zapata receives as a gift a horse that bears the name of al de oos, which was a gift from Colonel Guajardo, this before a meeting that took place will be held at the Chimeca hacienda, where it is assumed that they would arrange for him to receive a shipment of 12,000.00 bullets, but his mistrust does not arrive, calling his lieutenant, who would argue with the colonel, but Guajardo insists that Emiliano Zapata should go down to eat, but he is even close to At two in the afternoon, which Zapata accedes, arriving at the scaffold, being received by a toast of honor, and a regiment fired and as a result of the shots Emiliano Zapata died.

Thus, on April 10, 1919, on the Chimeca hacienda, Emiliano Zapata died, assassinated by a platoon of honor.

Although he was killed at close range, rumors began to spread about his death, assuring that it was his compadre who died, in part to contain the dead hopes of his followers.