Definition of Hematology (laboratory test)

A Hematology is a study of laboratory in which the values ​​corresponding to the quantity and distribution percentage of the different cells in the blood, the hemoglobin value and the so-called hematimetric indices.

The hematology study is performed at analyze a blood sample to be taken in a tube containing an anticoagulant, substance that will prevent blood clotting so that the different cells that make it up can be evaluated. In general, a vacuum tube with a purple cap that contains EDTA inside is used as an anticoagulant and it is not necessary that the person is fasting to be able to do it.

The parameters that are reported in a complete hematology are the following:

Red blood cells.

They are also known as erythrocytes, they are the cells in charge of transporting oxygen in the blood, which is why they contain the protein known as hemoglobin. Under normal conditions there are 4 to 5 million red blood cells per milliliter of blood.

White blood cells

These cells are part of the defense system, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils are reported in hematology. Its normal values ​​are from 5,000 to 10,000 per cubic millimeter. In abnormal conditions it is possible to make premature forms of this type of cells which lead to diseases such as leukemia. White blood cells are elevated in infections caused by bacteria, being able to be diminished in infections produced by some virus, the elevation in eosinophil values ​​is related to the presence of allergic states.

Platelets

Also called thrombocytes, they are the cells in charge of carrying out the tissue repair process after damage, they are capable of activating the blood clotting process. Its normal value is between 150,000 to 300,000 per cubic millimeter

Hemoglobin.

It is a protein whose function is to transport the oxygen that is in the lungs to the different tissues of the body, as well as to take back the dioxide of carbon produced in the cells to the lungs to be eliminated by the breathing. Normal hemoglobin values ​​are between 12 and 16 grams per deciliter. When hemoglobin values ​​are below normal limits, we are in the presence of a disease known as anemia.

Hematocrit

This value indicates the percentage of the blood that is made up of red blood cells, it is very useful when you want to identify the degree of dehydration of a person.

Hematometric indices.

Hematology also allows evaluating parameters such as the amount of hemoglobin that each red blood cell contains as well as the size Of the latter, this is very useful when establishing what is the cause of anemia when it is present.

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