Fluid Characteristics

Fluids are substances that have the ability to move, "flow" and in these can be established as fluids to liquids and gases.

The fluid characteristics are widely closed, since between liquids and gases their difference can change due to the pressure and temperature and in the case of non-Newtonian fluids allow the absorption of impacts.

We can define fluids as substances that are constantly deformed by a constant effort and fluids can be divided into two categories:

• Newtonians and
• Non Newtonians

Aspects and characteristics of fluids:

Stability.- This occurs when the particles of the fluid follow a uniform path and their speed is constant regardless of the point where it is and the time in which it elapses.

Turbulence.- This occurs when it has a very high acceleration, where the fluid takes irregular movements such as whirlpools and eddies.

Viscosity.- This quality would be defined as resistance or internal friction and can occur when two adjacent layers move within the fluid, converting kinetic energy into internal energy.

Density.- Density determines how tightly the atoms in the fluid bind or their degree of compaction. Different materials can have different degrees of density.

Volume.- It is the space that the fluid occupies taking into account the unit of weight, and is largely influenced by the temperature and pressure that fall on it.

Weight.- This is the weight that is attached or linked to the density and due to its unitary use it is widely applied in physics.

Specific Gravity.- This occurs in fluids and is dimensionless, because it is the result of the quotient between two units with identical magnitude.

Surface tension.- Surface tension occurs in fluids, especially liquids because the molecules exert an attraction between themselves, limiting their passage through holes in liquids reduced.

Capillarity.- It is called capillarity in fluids, when they can move through thin conduits (tubes), as long as it is related to their surface tension. Thus, in mercury the surface tension will not allow it to rise and will exert an opposing force, instead with water, the reduced tension will produce a proportional rise when introducing a capillary tube over the herself.

Liquid gas.- This is produced by liquefying gases at very low temperatures and with high pressures. In this way, gases such as hydrogen, nitrogen and gases such as LP (liquefied petroleum or domestic gas) become liquid.

Newtonian fluids.- In Newtonian fluids, the viscosity is relatively constant and therefore they are the best known, since their texture and definition are simple. This property is visible in most of the known fluids, from water to oils (natural or stone).

Non-Newtonian Fluids.- In this, the viscosity varies, and its density is not constant, and it is completely influenced by temperature and its tension, so it does not have a defined value in its density.

This is characterized by hardening when receiving an impact (shear force) and regains its fluidity when the tension or applied force is lost. This phenomenon is easily perceived in the mixture of starch with water.