Concept in Definition ABC

In the field of genetics, there is no doubt that the genome concept is the most central and relevant, the one on which all research and work is carried out. The genome is the set of genetic and hereditary characteristics that make up each individual and that make it completely unique and different from all others. This genetic load not only applies to human beings but also to animals, plants and other living beings. However, the study of the genome has been particularly interesting in reference to humans and other animals, since it has made it possible to develop important advances and improvements in the quality of life.

It can be estimated that the first advances in the field of genetics were made in the middle of the 19th century, but it would not be until the middle of the 19th century. 20th century and in particular in the last decades of this century that the complex genetic system could be fully understood and isolated human. Only in 2003 was it possible to complete the

sequence of the genes that make up the human being and that differentiate it from other living beings.

The genome is in the DNA (or deoxyribonucleic acid) of each individual, animal or plant and therefore is unique in its style, unrepeatable. This DNA is present in all the cells that make up an organism and in the case of the human being, each of them has a number of 46 chromosomes that, in addition to decide the traits physical and biological characteristics of each individual, give him sex (being the XY chromosomes those belonging to the sex male and the XX to the feminine one). Each of these chromosomes is the Unit It houses genes that can range from 400 to more than 3,300 genes per chromosome.

The discovery and isolation of the human genome has been one of the most important advances in modern science as it has enabled scientists from all over the world and from different areas, develop important discoveries and theories that, applied to everyday life, can represent significant changes in the quality life of living beings, especially human beings. Examples of this can be the treatment and cure of numerous diseases, the possibility of accessing organ transplants, the development of new fertilization techniques, etc.

Topics in Genome