Example of Roman Numerals

The roman numerals is a numerical writing system based on latin letters, its origin dates back to Etruscans, direct antecedents of the Roman people and ancient inhabitants of the same territory.

At present it is used in writing to express the chapters of books, the years of the editions and some number their pages.

In television programs they are usually used to indicate the years, so it is also used in theaters and their movies.

What are Roman numerals?

They are numbers made up of letters, which are based on two methods:

1. Addictive and
2. Subtractive

1.- The addictive system in Roman numerals

This consists of adding numbers ahead of the base number, which added will give the final number.

• VI = 6 = V + I
• VII = 7 = V + II

2.- The subtractive system in Roman numerals

The subtractive system is to subtract numbers from the base number, which will give a final number

• (IV is 4) = (V-I = 5-1)
• (IX is 9) = (X-I = 10-1)

Explanation about Roman numerals

Roman numerals consist of seven basic signs, which are letters and are equivalent to a specific number, it is with these five letters that the other number combinations are formed:

• I - V - X - L - C - D –M
• 1 – 5 – 10 – 50 – 100 – 1000

Rules of Roman numerals.

1.- Capital letters are used

• This rule is generally applied but there are people who come to use lowercase letters to form numbers.

2.- Use of letters

Capital letters I, X, C and M may appear up to a maximum of three consecutive times.

•  III = 3
• XXX = 30
• CCC = 300
• MMM = 3000

3.- The subtractive system is used:

Placing the letters I, X, and C on the left side of a higher-value one will subtract its value.

• IX = 9, (10 - 1)
• XL = 40, (50 - 10)
• XC = 90, (100 - 10)

4.- Additive system rule:

Letters located to the right of a larger one add to its value.

CL = 150, (100 + 50)

VII = 7, (5 + 1 + 1)

XXI = 21, (10 + 10 + 1)

5.- Multiplication by thousand rule:

- A line placed on one or more letters multiplies its value by a thousand.

Example of this rule:

• __
• IV = 4000, (4 x 1000)
• ____
• LXX = 70000, (70 x 1000)
• __
• IX = 9000, (9 x 1000)

These numbers are often used in numbering of books, chapters or as a way to identify centuries, although addition, subtraction, division and multiplication can also be performed.

Example of Roman numerals from 1 to 10:

1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV
5. V
6. SAW
7. VII
8. VIII
9. IX
10. X

Example of Roman numerals from 11 to 19:

1. XI
2. XII
3. XIII
4. XIV
5. XV
6. XVI
7. XVII
8. XVIII
9. XIX

Tens:

• X, XX, XXX, LX, L, LX, LXX, LXXX, XC

Hundreds:

• C, CC, CCC, CD, C, CD, CDD, CDDD, CM

Thousands:

• __ ___ ____ ___ __ __ ___ ___ ___
•  M, MM, MMM. IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IXX

Examples of dates with Roman numerals:

• Year 1911 = MCMXI
• Year 2015 = MMXVI
• Year 1948 = MCMXLVIII
• Year 1985 = MCMLIIIV
• Year 2016 = MMXVI
• Year 2017 = MMXVII
• Year 2018 = MMXVIII
• Year 2020 = MMXX